Thyroid Disorders: Types, Symptoms, Causes, And Natural Remedies

Constant fatigue, unexplained weight changes, mood swings, and brain fog can make you feel like your body’s working against you. If you’re dealing with these symptoms, your thyroid might be the reason. 

Thyroid disorders happen when this small gland in your neck stops making the right amount of hormones. 

That imbalance throws off your metabolism, energy levels, and even your mood. Causes range from autoimmune conditions and nutrient deficiencies to chronic stress and environmental triggers.

You might notice:

• Sudden weight gain or loss
• Feeling cold or overheated
• Hair thinning or dry skin
• Anxiety, irritability, or depression
• Irregular periods or fertility issues
• Sluggish digestion or frequent bowel movements
• A lump or swelling in your neck

A study by Dr. Juan-Sebastián Franco from the University of Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia, shows that “Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are the most prevalent organ-specific autoimmune diseases (ADs) and affect 2 – 5% of the population.” This highlights the importance of recognising the signs of thyroid disorders, as well as the early management of these diseases. 

This article breaks down what thyroid disorders are, the different types, and what symptoms to watch for. You’ll also learn what causes them and how to manage them naturally using nutrition, supplements, chiropractic care, and mind-body practices. We’ll also explore how functional medicine can give you answers that typical lab tests often miss.

If you’re tired of feeling off and want natural solutions, keep reading- your thyroid story might finally start to make sense.

What Are Thyroid Disorders?

Thyroid disorders are disorders that affect the thyroid gland. The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland at the base of your neck. This gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, heart rate, and temperature.

When the thyroid produces too much or too little hormone, it throws your body out of balance. This disruption leads to a range of symptoms and health problems. Thyroid disorders are common, especially in women and people over 60.

There are different types of thyroid issues, but they all involve abnormal thyroid hormone levels. Some conditions are mild and easy to manage. Others require lifelong monitoring or treatment.

Your thyroid plays a key role in how your body uses energy. Even small shifts in hormone levels can cause noticeable changes in your health. In many cases, thyroid disorders develop slowly. You may not notice symptoms right away. That’s why regular checkups and functional lab tests can help catch thyroid problems early.

Types of Thyroid Disorders

Here are the most common types of thyroid disorders:

• Hypothyroidism: The thyroid does not produce enough hormones. This slows down your metabolism and causes fatigue, weight gain, and sensitivity to cold. It’s the most common thyroid disorder. According to a study by Dr. Udit M. Zamwar from the Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND, it can be classified into primary, secondary, tertiary, and peripheral types, depending on the cause.
• Hyperthyroidism: The thyroid makes too much hormone. This speeds up your metabolism and can cause rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and anxiety. Graves’ disease is a common cause.
• Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: An autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks the thyroid. It often leads to hypothyroidism over time. It’s more common in women.
• Graves’ Disease: An autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism. It leads to symptoms like bulging eyes, irritability, and heat intolerance.
• Goiter: An enlarged thyroid gland. It can happen with both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism or due to iodine deficiency. A study by Dr. Ahmet S. Can from the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (LECOM), USA, shows that iodine deficiency is the most common cause of goiter. He states that “With mild iodine deficiency, the incidence of goiter is 5% to 20%.”
• Thyroid Nodules: Lumps that form in the thyroid. Most are benign, but some can be cancerous or affect hormone production.
• Thyroid Cancer: A less common but serious thyroid disorder. It may appear as a lump in the neck and is often found during routine exams.

If you’re experiencing fatigue, unexplained weight changes, brain fog, or other thyroid-related symptoms, Dr. Tony Slamay takes a root-cause approach to identifying and treating thyroid imbalances. Through comprehensive testing and personalized Functional Medicine care, he helps patients restore hormone balance and improve their overall well-being. Learn more about our Functional Medicine services and schedule your consultation today.

What Are The Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders?

Symptoms of thyroid disorders can vary based on whether hormone levels are too high or too low. Some signs are easy to overlook or may be mistaken for other conditions. 

Here are the most common symptoms that may signal that something is going on with your thyroid:

• Fatigue: Feeling tired all the time, even after a full night of sleep. This happens because your cells don’t get enough thyroid hormone to produce energy.
• Weight changes: Weight gain without a change in diet or activity can point to hypothyroidism. Weight loss, especially with increased appetite, is often linked to hyperthyroidism.
• Mood changes: Depression, irritability, or anxiety may develop due to thyroid hormone imbalances that affect brain function and neurotransmitters.
• Hair thinning or hair loss: The thyroid plays a role in hair growth. Low or high hormone levels can cause hair to fall out or become dry and brittle.
• Cold or heat sensitivity: Feeling cold when others are comfortable may mean your metabolism is too slow. Feeling overheated easily could signal it’s too fast.
• Irregular menstrual cycles: Thyroid hormones help regulate your reproductive system. An imbalance may cause heavier, lighter, or skipped periods, and even fertility problems. A study by Dr. Melanie H. Jacobson from Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA found that “Circulating thyroid hormone concentrations were associated with subtle differences in menstrual cycle function outcomes, particularly sex steroid hormone levels in healthy women.”
• Constipation or diarrhea: Low thyroid levels slow digestion, leading to constipation. High levels speed things up and may cause frequent, loose stools.
• Dry skin: A sluggish thyroid reduces sweating and skin cell turnover, making skin rough, dry, and sometimes itchy.
• Brain fog or memory problems: Trouble focusing, forgetfulness, or feeling mentally slow can occur when your brain doesn’t get enough thyroid hormone.
• Swelling in the neck: A lump or tight feeling in your neck may indicate an enlarged thyroid (goiter) or a nodule that needs evaluation.

What Causes Thyroid Disorders?

Several factors can lead to thyroid problems. Some are genetic, while others relate to diet, immune function, or stress. 

The causes of thyroid disorders include:

• Autoimmune conditions: The most common cause of thyroid dysfunction. In Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the immune system attacks the thyroid and causes hypothyroidism. In Graves’ disease, the immune system overstimulates the thyroid, leading to hyperthyroidism.
• Iodine imbalance: Your thyroid needs iodine to make hormones. According to Dr. Salvatore Sorrenti from the University of Rome, Rome, Italy, “Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for proper TH biosynthesis that plays critical roles in development, growth, and metabolism.” Too little iodine can cause hypothyroidism or goiter. Too much can also trigger thyroid problems, especially in people with existing autoimmune conditions. 
• Chronic stress: Long-term stress raises cortisol levels, which can interfere with thyroid hormone production and conversion. Stress may also worsen autoimmune activity.
• Nutrient deficiencies: Low levels of selenium, zinc, or vitamin D can impair thyroid hormone function. These nutrients support hormone production and help reduce inflammation.
• Radiation exposure: Radiation to the neck area, especially from cancer treatment, can damage the thyroid and lead to dysfunction years later.
• Genetics: Family history increases your risk. If a parent or sibling has a thyroid condition, you’re more likely to develop one, too.
• Pregnancy and postpartum changes: Hormonal shifts during and after pregnancy can trigger thyroid issues. Postpartum thyroiditis is a common example.
• Certain medications: Lithium, amiodarone, and some immune-suppressing drugs can interfere with how the thyroid works or how your body uses thyroid hormones.
• Pituitary gland disorders: Though rare, a problem with the pituitary gland (which signals the thyroid) can cause thyroid hormone levels to drop or rise.

Natural Remedies for Thyroid Disorders

Natural remedies for thyroid disorders can offer extra support alongside conventional treatment. They don’t replace medical care, but they may help reduce symptoms and improve thyroid function over time.

These remedies focus on the whole body. Many aim to reduce inflammation, support hormone balance, and address underlying triggers like stress or nutrient deficiencies.

Common natural approaches include functional medicine, targeted dietary changes, key supplements, mind-body practices, and chiropractic care. Each method works best when tailored to your specific thyroid condition and lab results. 

Let’s break down these holistic options!

Functional Medicine

Functional medicine addresses thyroid disorders by identifying and treating root causes like inflammation, gut issues, and chronic stress. Instead of only treating symptoms, it looks for what’s disrupting your thyroid in the first place. Functional providers often use advanced lab testing to get a clearer picture of what’s going on in your body.

Treatment plans are highly personalized. They may include:

• Anti-inflammatory diets
• Gut healing protocols
• Stress management techniques
• Detox support
• Targeted supplements based on lab results

For thyroid disorders, functional medicine can be especially helpful if you’ve been told your labs are “normal” but you still feel off. It focuses on optimizing thyroid function, not just staying in the normal range.

This approach also pays close attention to how your adrenal glands, liver, and gut affect thyroid hormone production and conversion. Because everything in your body is connected, small changes in one system can improve how your thyroid functions.

Dietary Changes

Food plays a key role in supporting thyroid function. The right nutrients help your body produce and convert thyroid hormones efficiently. Diet can also influence inflammation, gut health, and immune response, which are all important for thyroid disorders. For some, removing certain foods may reduce symptoms and improve energy levels. 

Choosing whole, nutrient-dense foods can make a noticeable difference over time. The following sections break down what to eat and what to limit based on how different foods affect thyroid health.

Foods to Eat for Thyroid Disorders

• Wild-caught fatty fish: Salmon, sardines, and mackerel are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which help lower inflammation and support hormone balance. Add grilled salmon to salads or mix canned sardines into avocado toast.
• Brazil nuts: These are a top source of selenium, a mineral your thyroid needs to produce hormones and protect against oxidative stress. Eat 1 to 2 raw Brazil nuts as a snack or chop them into oatmeal.
• Leafy greens: Spinach, Swiss chard, and kale are packed with antioxidants, iron, and fiber. These support energy, metabolism, and gut health. Sauté spinach with garlic as a side or blend kale into smoothies.
• Seaweed: A Natural source of iodine, which is essential for thyroid hormone production. Nori, dulse, and wakame are good choices. Use nori sheets for wraps or sprinkle dried dulse over soups or salads.
• Eggs: Contain iodine and selenium along with protein and healthy fats. These nutrients support hormone production and energy. Eat boiled eggs as a snack or add poached eggs to breakfast bowls.
• Berries: Blueberries, raspberries, and strawberries offer antioxidants that help reduce oxidative stress linked to thyroid inflammation. Add fresh berries to yogurt or blend them into smoothies.
• Pumpkin seeds: High in zinc, which supports hormone production and immune function. Sprinkle them on salads, blend them into smoothies, or mix them into trail mixes.
• Greek yogurt: Provides iodine, protein, and probiotics that support both thyroid and gut health. Choose plain, full-fat versions and top with fruit or flaxseed.
• Sweet potatoes: Rich in fiber, vitamin A, and antioxidants. They help support metabolism and can ease constipation caused by hypothyroidism. Roast them as a side or mash them with coconut oil.
• Bone broth: Offers amino acids and minerals that support gut healing and reduce inflammation. Sip as a warm drink or use as a base for soups and stews.

Foods to Eat for Thyroid Disorders

• Gluten-containing grains: Wheat, barley, and rye may trigger immune reactions in people with Hashimoto’s or other autoimmune thyroid conditions. Try switching to gluten-free options like quinoa, rice, or cassava flour.
• Soy products: Tofu, soy milk, and soy protein isolates can interfere with how your body absorbs thyroid medication and may affect hormone levels. Use almond or coconut milk instead of soy milk, and limit soy-based snacks.
• Cruciferous vegetables (raw): Raw broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts contain goitrogens, which may disrupt thyroid hormone production if eaten in large amounts. Cook these vegetables to reduce their impact, and enjoy them in moderation.
• Highly processed foods: Packaged snacks, frozen meals, and fast food often contain trans fats, added sugars, and preservatives that can increase inflammation. Choose whole foods and cook simple meals at home when possible.
• Excess sugar: Too much sugar affects blood sugar levels and can worsen fatigue and mood issues tied to thyroid imbalance. Replace sugary snacks with fresh fruit or a handful of nuts.
• Excess caffeine: High caffeine intake may worsen anxiety, sleep issues, or heart palpitations in people with hyperthyroidism. Limit coffee to one cup per day and try herbal teas instead.
• Artificial sweeteners: Aspartame and sucralose may disrupt gut health and trigger immune responses in sensitive individuals. Use honey or pure stevia in small amounts if you need a sweetener.

Chiropractic Care

Chiropractic care may help support thyroid health by improving nervous system function and reducing stress on the body. Your thyroid is regulated by signals from the brain through the spinal cord. Misalignments in the upper cervical spine can interfere with that communication.

When the spine is out of alignment, the nervous system may not function properly. This can affect how your body regulates hormones, including those made by the thyroid. Gentle chiropractic adjustments can restore alignment and improve nerve flow, which supports hormone balance and overall health.

Chiropractic care also helps reduce physical and emotional stress. Chronic stress is a known trigger for thyroid dysfunction, especially in autoimmune cases. Regular adjustments may improve sleep, lower inflammation, and boost energy.

Additionally, research by Dr. Aysha Karim Kiani from the MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy, shows that chiropractic and spinal manipulative therapies, along with vagal nerve stimulation, can be considered treatment options for depression. This is especially important because depression is a common condition accompanying thyroid disorders. 

While chiropractic does not treat thyroid disease directly, it plays a supportive role. It works best when combined with other care strategies like nutrition, supplements, and medical management.

Supplements

Supplements can help fill nutritional gaps that affect thyroid function. Even with a healthy diet, you may not get enough of certain vitamins and minerals that your thyroid needs to work properly.

Supplements can support hormone production, immune balance, and inflammation control. Supplementing with the right dose can make a noticeable difference in how you feel.

Before starting any supplement, it’s best to test your levels and talk to your healthcare provider or a functional medicine practitioner. Too much of certain nutrients, like iodine or selenium, can be harmful.

The following supplements are commonly used to support thyroid health.

Selenium 

Selenium is an essential trace mineral vital for various bodily functions, including thyroid hormone metabolism, DNA synthesis, and protection against oxidative damage and infection. 

It plays a crucial role in the production of selenoproteins, which are important for reproductive health, immune function, and antioxidant defense systems. Adequate selenium levels support thyroid function by aiding in the conversion of thyroid hormones and protecting the gland from damage caused by oxidative stress. 

Naturally, selenium is found in foods such as Brazil nuts, seafood, meats, cereals, and grains. The selenium content in plant-based foods depends on the soil’s selenium concentration where they are grown. According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for selenium is 55 micrograms (mcg) for adults, with slightly higher needs during pregnancy (60 mcg) and lactation (70 mcg). It’s important to note that excessive selenium intake can lead to toxicity. Therefore, supplementation should be approached with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare provider.

Zinc

Zinc is an essential trace mineral that supports immune function, wound healing, and hormone production. It plays a direct role in thyroid hormone synthesis and helps regulate the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Without enough zinc, your body may struggle to convert the inactive hormone T4 into the active form, T3, leading to symptoms of hypothyroidism. Zinc also has antioxidant properties that protect thyroid cells from inflammation. 

You can find zinc in foods like oysters, beef, chicken, pumpkin seeds, lentils, and whole grains. According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended daily allowance for zinc is 11 mg for adult men and 8 mg for adult women. Needs increase during pregnancy (11 mg) and breastfeeding (12 mg). Taking too much zinc can cause side effects or interfere with the absorption of other minerals, so it’s best to stick with recommended amounts or check with your healthcare provider first.

Vitamin D

​Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in calcium absorption, bone health, immune function, and inflammation regulation. Research by Dr. Agata Czarnywojte from the OZnan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland, suggests a link between vitamin D levels and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. 

The body synthesizes vitamin D when the skin is exposed to sunlight, but it can also be obtained from dietary sources like fatty fish (such as salmon and mackerel), fortified dairy products, and egg yolks. According to the National Institutes of Health, the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for vitamin D is 600 IU for adults up to 70 years old and 800 IU for those older than 70. Maintaining adequate vitamin D levels is essential for overall health and may support thyroid function. 

However, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplementation to ensure appropriate dosing.

Herbal Remedies

Certain herbs have been traditionally used to support thyroid function, especially in cases involving stress, fatigue, or immune imbalance. While herbal remedies are not a replacement for medical treatment, they may help improve symptoms and support the body’s natural healing process.

Many of these herbs work by lowering inflammation, supporting the adrenal glands, or balancing hormones. Some may also help regulate the immune system, which is especially helpful in autoimmune thyroid conditions like Hashimoto’s or Graves’ disease.

Quality and dosage matter when using herbs. Consult a qualified provider to ensure the right fit for your needs.

Ashwagandha

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is an adaptogenic herb long used in Ayurvedic medicine to help the body manage stress and promote overall well-being. A study by Dr. Jessica M. Gannon from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA, shows that it can support thyroid function by enhancing the conversion of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) into its active form, triiodothyronine (T3), which can be beneficial for individuals with hypothyroidism. Additionally, ashwagandha may reduce cortisol levels, the stress hormone that can negatively impact thyroid function. 

This herb is available in various forms, including capsules, powders, and liquid extracts. Capsules offer a convenient, pre-measured dose, while powders can be mixed into smoothies or warm beverages. Liquid extracts provide a concentrated form that can be added to water or juice. It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting ashwagandha, especially for individuals with hyperthyroidism, as it may exacerbate symptoms by increasing thyroid hormone levels.

Holy Basil (Tulsi)

Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum), also known as tulsi, is an adaptogenic herb revered in Ayurvedic medicine for its stress-relieving properties. It helps the body adapt to stress and restore physiological balance. Holy basil is believed to reduce anxiety, lower blood glucose levels, and provide protection against infections. However, it may decrease levels of the thyroid hormone thyroxine, potentially worsening hypothyroidism. 

Holy basil is available in various forms, including teas, capsules, and liquid extracts. Teas can be consumed daily for general wellness, capsules offer a convenient dosage form, and liquid extract can be added to water or other beverages. Due to its potential effects on thyroid hormone levels, individuals with hypothyroidism should consult a healthcare provider before using holy basil.

Bladderwrack

​Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus) is a type of brown seaweed found along the coasts of the North Sea, Baltic Sea, and Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It has been traditionally used for its high iodine content, which is essential for thyroid hormone production. 

Adequate iodine levels support the synthesis of thyroid hormones like triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), crucial for regulating metabolism and promoting neurological development. Bladderwrack also contains antioxidants such as beta-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin, which help combat oxidative stress and may support skin health. 

This seaweed is available in various forms, including dried, powdered, capsules, teas, and liquid extracts. Dried or powdered bladderwrack can be incorporated into foods or smoothies, while capsules and liquid extracts offer convenient supplementation options. 

However, due to its high iodine content, excessive intake may lead to thyroid dysfunction or other health issues. Therefore, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider or a functional medicine practitioner before incorporating bladderwrack into your regimen.

Mind-Body Practices

Mind-body practices can support thyroid health by reducing stress, improving mood, and regulating immune function. Chronic stress is one of the key triggers for thyroid imbalances, especially autoimmune disorders like Hashimoto’s and Graves’ disease. High stress levels raise cortisol, which can disrupt thyroid hormone production and worsen symptoms like fatigue, anxiety, and brain fog.

Practices like yoga, meditation, deep breathing, tai chi, and guided relaxation activate your body’s relaxation response. This helps balance the nervous system, lower inflammation, and support better hormone regulation. Over time, consistent use of these techniques may lead to improved energy, sleep, and emotional well-being.

Even a few minutes of daily practice can make a difference. Gentle yoga poses, breathwork, or short mindfulness sessions can be easily added to your routine. These practices are safe, low-cost, and accessible, making them a valuable part of a holistic thyroid care plan.

Frequently Asked Questions

How To Get Tested For Thyroid Disorder?

Your functional medicine practitioner can order functional lab testing, which includes a full thyroid panel: TSH, free T3, free T4, reverse T3, and thyroid antibodies. This gives a clearer view of thyroid function and autoimmune activity, even when TSH is “normal.” It helps identify patterns missed in standard testing and guides a more personalized treatment plan.

How To Lose Weight With A Thyroid Disorder?

Losing weight with a thyroid disorder involves a combination of medical treatment and lifestyle modifications. Incorporating a balanced diet, regular physical activity, and stress reduction techniques can aid weight management. A study by Dr. Gang Liu from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, suggests that higher baseline free T3 and free T4 levels are associated with greater weight loss during dietary interventions.

Can Thyroid Disorder Cause Depression?

Yes, thyroid disorders can contribute to depression. Research by Dr. Yuhui Ma from the Shandong University, Qingdao, China, indicates a significant correlation between thyroid function and depressive symptoms, varying among different genders and ages. While the exact causal relationship remains under investigation, addressing thyroid imbalances may alleviate depressive symptoms in affected individuals.

Can Thyroid Disorder Cause Hair Loss?

Yes, thyroid disorders can lead to hair loss. According to Dr. Ramadan S. Hussein from the Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, SAU, severe and prolonged hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism may cause diffuse hair thinning across the scalp. Regrowth is typically possible with effective treatment of the underlying thyroid condition, though it may take several months and could be incomplete. 

Conclusion

Thyroid disorders can disrupt nearly every part of your health, from energy and mood to weight and digestion. This guide covered the main types of thyroid disorders, common symptoms, causes, and natural remedies. We looked at how diet, supplements, herbal support, chiropractic care, and functional medicine can help improve thyroid function and reduce symptoms naturally.

When it comes to thyroid health, surface-level fixes won’t cut it. Getting to the root of the problem is where real healing begins.

At the Bay Clinic of Chiropractic in Panama City, FL Dr. Tony Salamay uses a functional, whole-body approach to thyroid care. He goes beyond basic labs to uncover what’s actually driving your symptoms. Whether it’s poor gut health, chronic stress, or nutrient deficiencies, he creates personalized care plans that help you feel like yourself again.

If you’re tired of guessing and want answers that make sense, it’s time to take action. Reach out to the Bay Clinic of Chiropractic today- your thyroid will thank you for it.

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